STARBUCKS TIME MANAGEMENT Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

STARBUCKS TIME MANAGEMENT - Research Paper Example It is the largest coffeehouse worldwide. The organization structure of Starbucks focuses on the incorporation of corporate social responsibility into their department. Their strategy involves good sourcing, high level environmental performance in the development, and creation of new stores. They involve working together to be respected partnership in their communities and communicate their corporate social responsibilities. The type of organization structure of Starbucks is a functional structure which is comprised of all the departments that are required in an organization for smooth production of its goods and services. The organization structure is headed by the Chief Executive officer (CEO). In the year 2001 to 2005, Orin C. Smith was the President and CEO of Starbucks. Howard Schultz is the originator of the company, who is also the chairman. The Starbucks Company operates under the matrix organization structure. Their operation is under four U.S divisions, including Western Pacific, North West Mountain, South east pl ains and North east Atlantic. Under the CEO in the matrix structure, in the other divisions, there is the President, International Retail, Legal and Corporate Affairs, Finance, Supply Chain Operations, Marketing, Human Resources, Legal and Worldwide Public Affairs. The advantage of having this kind of structure is that it leads to maximized communication channels. Starbucks second part of the structure is the continuation of support functions, which operate at their individual departments supporting their shared goals and visions (Jones, 2005). There are 4 functions of management and every organization structure does play a role. They are; Planning, Organizing, Leading and Controlling. In Planning, it involves creation of business mission and objectives and establishing how to achieve. Those at the top of the organization hierarchy are mostly the ones involved since they have to identify the

Hello 9th Grade Essay Example for Free

Hello 9th Grade Essay School experiences are helpful for the development from child to young adult. Students grow together and experience the good, the bad, and learn from one another. School is all about change and growth. Especially when moving up a new grade. When entering the hall of high school it is time to say â€Å"hello 9th grade†. In high school you have AP classes so; in my AP class I will learn difficult lessons. Even with AP class I still need to try my best so, this year I will push myself even harder. Lastly, I want 9th grade to change me and set goals for my life. To start off, AP classes are a valuable tool for students. There are so many AP classes such as, World History, U. S. History, Biology, Physics, Calculus, and Spanish Language. For students, they provide an opportunity to earn college credits early, and demonstrate that a student is ready to take on a challenge. AP classes require a high level of critical thinking and in order for me to pass I will need to concentrate and understand my lessons. As a high school student, I have academic areas that I am weak in, but this does not mean that I will not improve my weaknesses. Normally, I do not read or push myself in something that seems too hard, but now with AP classes and new courses, I am more liable to feel the need to excel in everything. Therefore, by showing teachers I am ready to do great they will know I am a serious scholar. Personally, being able to obtain a higher education gives me an opportunity to be better in many ways. Everyone should have any personal goals in life in order to survive and succeed in every journey that life gives. As for me, being a scholar at Albany Early College, I hope to achieve all of my goals on which I have been trying to pursue and obtain through the years. With each year that passes I hope to grow in maturity and learn to not take life for granted. I want 9th grade to teach me to be more precise and more open to stepping outside of my comfort zone. To sum up, My personality and views on life have changed immensely over the past few years. I think differently and assess situations with more thought than I use to. The experiences I had in elementary and middle school changed the way I am. I am ready to say goodbye middle school and hello high school freshman. â€Å" To take little steps that make a big one is a great gift that can prepare yourself for the real deal † Charlie Baker

Female Independence in Catharine Maria Sedgewicks Hope Leslie and Kell

Female Independence in Catharine Maria Sedgewick's Hope Leslie and Kelly Clarkson's Song "Miss Independent" Authors have addressed the topic of female independence in various literary styles, including novels, novellas, and poetry. In our society today, independence for women is one of the main topics of many songs. The concept of female independence has changed over the years; people have gone from frowning upon female independence to celebrating it. Both Catharine Maria Sedgewick and pop singer Kelly Clarkson address female behavior that now, in the 21st century, is typical for many women. In Sedgewick’s Hope Leslie, the title character portrays a young woman that defies her society’s repressive Puritanical standards; she portrays independence, courage, and outspokenness. Clarkson, in her 2003 hit, â€Å"Miss Independent† expresses characteristics common in many females of modern American society; they tend to show independence, self-sufficiency, courage, and determination. Hope, in a way, is an anachronism; she represents characteristics of a 21st century woman, tho ugh living in the 17th century. In Hope Leslie, the typical woman of the repressed 17th century Puritan society portrays a very passive demeanor; she tends to behave in a quiet and humble way. Esther Downing and Mrs. Winthrop exemplify this expected behavior. They are quiet, humble, do not express their opinions, and show domesticity – they are the perfect Puritan female. The title character, Hope Leslie, grew up â€Å"among the strictest sect of the puritans† and due to her upbringing, her loved ones expect that her behavior reflect that of women like Esther and Mrs. Winthrop (127). However, Hope does not adhere to the expectations. She depicts outspokenness, e... ...r Philip, or have any sort of relationship with him whatsoever. Instead, Hope decides that she loves Everell and wants to be with him. Once again, Hope symbolizes how the majority of women would begin to behave as the years progressed. Hope is the 17th century version of â€Å"Miss Independent.† Sedgewick uses Hope to portray a woman that has the characteristics of a typical woman of the 21st century. Hope shows assertiveness, courage, independence, outspokenness, and many other qualities not usual for a Puritan woman during the 17th century. Kelly Clarkson’s â€Å"Miss Independence† represents the average female of the 21st century, especially American women. The concept of female independence has changed drastically over the years, and it continues to change. This 21st century song bears a strong representation of an atypical 17th century female, Hope Leslie.

All or Nothing

My doorbell was the last thing that I wanted to hear on the morning of 20th September. It was the first day that I'd had off work for months so I was hoping to stay in bed for as long as I could. The doorbell rang once more and at that point I realised that my long morning in bed was never going to happen. I jumped out of bed, the same as I did every other morning, and went to the front door to answer it. There was a postman stood at the door with a small parcel that was rectangle shaped. â€Å"Good morning†, I said to the postman. He handed me the parcel and also a clip board with a piece of paper clipped to the front for me to sign, I signed the paper and went back inside. I took the parcel into my living room which was still a mess from the night before; the coffee table in the centre of the room had an empty Vodka bottle, crisp packets, and also an empty twenty pack of cigarettes. My sofas outlined the coffee table with one either side, I sat on the one that was closest to me and opened the parcel, there was a small letter inside that said: To Victoria, A present from your dearest friend, hope you like it. Love you and miss you. Love Tom x x x. At that moment, a smile appeared on my face, I missed Tom a lot when he was away, especially when they'd been for this long, he had been away for nearly two months now, and normally I'd see him twice a week or more so it was weird for me not to have him near. He was on a business trip in London and I was still miles away from him in Bristol. I had known Tom since we'd started the same secondary school at the age of eleven, since then we've gone through college and university together too. At school we'd been close and we'd always wanted to do the same kinds of things, I was quite boyish and we used to play football after school had finished and on weekends. Our relationship just got stronger as we got older and it just never seemed to leave, even when Tom moved away for a short while with an ex-girlfriend who wanted everything her way. I took the velvet container and letter and put them onto the table in front of me, I opened the container to reveal a matching necklace and earring set, they were 18 carat gold and had one small diamond in each, the necklace was a heart at the end of a chain and the earrings were also hearts and also contained a diamond each. I grabbed my mobile phone from the kitchen side and pressed 1 on the speed dial, I placed the phone to my ear and it began to ring. â€Å"Hi!† said the voice at the other end. â€Å"Tom, its Vic†, I said, â€Å"just to say thanks for the jewellery set, it only came this morning†. â€Å"Oh†, he murmured, â€Å"you're worth it, oh and Vic's what time is it?† â€Å"About 1o'clock in the afternoon, why?† I replied. â€Å"I'm late, see ya!† was the answer I got, and then he put the phone down, I knew he was already very late. I put the phone back onto the kitchen side and began to walk towards my bathroom, and seeing as I had all day to do whatever I wanted to, I was intending to have a long relaxing bath. I went into the bathroom, and started to run a bath full of water, I put bubble bath in it, I lit the candles around the edge and my nightdress over my head and threw it into the washing pile. I spent over an hour in the bath, until the water started to go cold and I had to get out because my skin was all wrinkled. I dried myself and went through to my bedroom. Once in there, I grabbed a pair of silk French knickers out of my drawer and a long, light pink satin dress. It was meant to be really hot today according to the weather reports on telly, so I thought that I would dress appropriately as normally I would be in a suit jacket and black trousers. I threw the bed sheet over the bed, and fluffed up the pillows a little, pulled open my curtains and opened the window, ready for the day to begin. I blow-dried and straightened my hair before putting on my make-up and getting dressed. I then fed the cat and opened the rest of the curtains in the apartment. I picked up my keys and my phone from on the kitchen side and went out the front door. I went down the stairs and out to where my car was parked, it was my pride and joy, a black Lotus Elise which had taken me years to save for. I drove it out of the car park and along the street towards the shopping centre. As I approached the car park, I got my card out of my purse; I paid on the card for all of my parking tickets because I spent so much time in car parks, and keeping cash like that on me all of the time wouldn't be easy. I showed the man at the kiosk my card; he took one quick glance and then returned it to me so that I could get through. I put the pass back into my purse and headed into the main bit of the car park where I found a space next to the stairs that led down to the shops. I got out of the car and locked it; I then flung my bag over my shoulder and started to walk down the stairs. The first shop at the bottom of the stairs was Monsoon, I could see in the window, the shoes that I had bought the last time I had a day off. I went into the shop, I wasn't sure what I wanted but I knew I had to buy something special to wear to Tom's welcome home party that was being held that weekend. The dress that I bought eventually, was rose red and touched the floor, it was pure silk and cost me over à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½200, the slit that went up the back was huge and went all the way up to my thighs, luckily enough I had good legs so I knew I could carry it off easily. I needed a new pair of shoes to go with the dress so I carried on walking on the path through the middle of the centre until I came to River Island, I went in and bought the first pair of black, stiletto heeled shoes that I could find. I already had a purse at home that would match perfectly with my outfit and I was planning to wear the necklace and earrings that Tom had bought me. The party was being held at Tom's mum's house, as Tom's was too small to accommodate so many people. Jane was too wealthy for her own good, she had married an older man when she'd only just left Tom's dad, the man died five years ago and left everything he owned to Jane. He was lying on millions the day he died and before Jane realised it, she was too. He left his business, his home and everything in it to her, the house alone was worth over à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1 million. The house was on 12 acres of land and had 10 bedrooms which would be well over enough space for the party. I had known Jane for as long as I had known Tom so she was like a second mother to me, being at her house was nothing new so I wasn't nervous about that, just about seeing Tom again after so long. I had spoken to him over the phone and had written letters but this was different and I was looking forward to it so much. I had to be well prepared for this so I had written myself a list of what I needed to do beforehand. Among the other things on that list was buy new dress and shoes so I ticked them off. The last thing I did before I left the shopping centre was grab a cup of coffee from O'Brien's, they made the best coffee that money could buy so I always bought one when I was on the move. I got into my car still with the polystyrene cup that was so hot that it was difficult to carry, and put my bag down on the passenger seat. I downed the last bit of coffee and threw the cup into the bin next to the car; I then put my new dress and shoes onto the back seat and drove out of the car park. By the time I had got back to my apartment, I was knackered; I parked my car in the same place that it had been in before I had gone out this morning. I then walked into the main entrance hall and up the stairs to the door of my apartment; I opened the door and pressed the button on my phone to check for messages. â€Å"No messages†, it said slowly, beeped three times as usual, then back to normal. I picked up the receiver and dialled Jane's home number, I always tried this first as it cost me less. It rang twice and then her answer machine kicked in. â€Å"The Williams residence, sorry but we can't come to the phone right now, please try our mobiles or leave a message after the tone†, the tone sounded so I began. â€Å"Jane, it's Victoria, just to say I'll be at the party, will be there as usual early to help set up, see you then if not before†, and I put down the phone. I went into the kitchen to see it gleaming, the living room had also now been cleaned and there was no rubbish on the table anymore, the cleaner had been in. I put the kettle on, picked up my post from the kitchen side, and sat down on a breakfast bar stool to open it. The remainder of the day passed as some what of a blur, I couldn't have done anything particularly exciting because I would have remembered. I only finally looked up at the clock on my living room wall at 10 p.m. and I knew that I had work in the morning so I went to bed. The two days after were the same, work which never changed from day to day, and doing the same thing every day made me more bored than anything else. I did longer hours than I should every day because I knew I had nothing to do when I got home and this made the two days go quicker. The weekend came and I knew that Tom was supposed to be coming home. I had the whole weekend off, I wasn't intending to get drunk but just to be sure I had booked the two days which meant I didn't have to go to work with a hangover. I had all day to make myself look stunning for the night ahead; it was only ten thirty in the morning so I got out of bed and put the television on in the living room. I had to be at Jane's at five o'clock to help her with any last minute things, she was having caterers in to cook all of the food and to set most of it up but she knew that I would be sure of what Tom liked. That morning I went out and had my hair cut and my nails done, I got home and showered to get rid of the access hair that was in all of my clothes. It was now gone 1 o'clock in the afternoon so I pulled a microwave meal out of the freezer and put it in for five minutes. I didn't have the time to do something proper, today was going to be quite busy for me, I still had to get ready although I was clean. After I had finished the meal, I put the dish in the dishwasher and tidied the kitchen again so it looked presentable; I only just had enough time now. I got dressed up to my waist; I didn't want to get make-up on the top of my dress so I put that part on last. I blow dried my hair and straightened it, did my make-up, put on all of my jewellery, including the necklace and earring set that Tom had sent me and then put the rest of my dress on properly. I put my shoes on and left and left at a quarter past four. When I got to Jane's, the place was deserted, there was nobody to be seen anywhere. It was quite early, and Tom wasn't due until around six. Jane came to the front door to greet me, so I parked the car and got out. I followed her through the entrance hall and into the living room which looked amazing as usual, but today the walls were covered in welcome home banners. I then joined her in the dining area situated next to the living room; the table was laid with the most beautifully presented food which I knew she hadn't cooked. A man, who turned out to be the bar manager for the night, was putting the finishing touches to the bar at the other end of the room, more bar staff would come later to help him with catering, waiters and waitresses to carry around the drinks on trays. I couldn't wait to see Tom; he was always away when I came around to see Jane, he only ever came home for a while and then he was off again to some business meeting or other. Jane noticed the earrings and the necklace and I told her that Tom had sent them to me. She complained because she said that he never sent her presents and said that he spoilt me, which was mostly true; he did always send me presents from wherever he was staying, even if it was only a t-shirt or a key ring with the name of the hotel on it. The last guest arrived at five thirty; Jane and I greeted them at the door and took their coats. Finally at ten past six a taxi pulled up at the door and out leaped Tom, as happy as ever with that same smile on his face as I had first seen so long ago. I was so glad to see him, even if at that moment it was only through the window. The door knocked and I stood behind Jane as she opened it. Tom threw his arms around his mother like a child, a finger just tapping me as his hand passed. Tom screamed my name as soon as he noticed that I was there, he then pulled me into his chest so that I could put my arms around him for the first time in ages. â€Å"Welcome home†, I squeaked, I couldn't breathe very well because he was holding me so tightly. He spent the next half an hour greeting people and thanking them for coming, and then he came back over to see me. We talked for a while about his trip and about how we both were; he looked great, although a little tired from the journey. He noticed that I had the earrings and necklace on that he had bought me and I thanked him again, he told me that I looked beautiful and I could feel myself getting embarrassed and going red. He just smiled. Out of the corner of my eye I caught a glimpse of Jane coming from the dining room, she winked and smiled when she saw us together, she had always thought that Tom and I should have been a couple but we had let her down after we had split up years ago. â€Å"Wanna dance?† He asked me. We stepped into the centre of the living room where Jane had made a space for everyone to dance in. He span me around, and I laughed, we danced for a while to a song which I recognised from my childhood. He kissed me as the song ended and I knew that Jane was watching us. In that moment I felt something which I hadn't felt with Tom since we were together, and then I heard a voice. I knew even before I looked that it was Jane, stood there hands on hips and giggling. â€Å"What?† Asked Tom, â€Å"it was just a friendly kiss†. I agreed with him and Jane walked away. It was now quite late, and most of the guest had left, the few that hadn't were getting coats and saying goodbye to each other. â€Å"Fancy coming back to mine for a bit?† he asked, â€Å"for coffee or something?† I answered almost immediately, â€Å"yeh, sure†. We phoned a taxi from Jane's house and got to Tom's just after midnight. He paid for the taxi and we got out. Once inside I sat on the sofa in my usual place next to the window, he got up to make coffee and I suggested wine instead. He put the two glasses down on the table and opened the bottle of wine, he poured wine into both the glasses and handed me one. We toasted â€Å"to love and all of life's other pleasures†. We talked some more about his trip and after the third glass of wine he moved closer to me, I wasn't really sure what to do. He touched my face and pulled me closer to him, we kissed, and not just a little one this time but one that lasted minutes, passion and lust filled me and I kissed back. He was caressing my hips and all up my back, he stopped the kiss just for a second and in that time I was trying to remember who I was with and what was happening. It was Tom, just Tom but for some reason it felt so right. I pulled his face back to mine so that I could kiss him again. He grabbed my hand and led me to what I knew was his bedroom. We fell to the bed still kissing passionately; he removed his jacket and his tie, and then started to undo his shirt buttons. I wanted him so badly and was so excited that I couldn't stop myself from pulling my dress over my head, shocking myself that I could be so forward. I threw it onto the floor beside the bed where the clothes he was wearing only moments before now laid. We were both now in only our underwear, I felt so calm with Tom, and I wasn't scared at all. Still kissing me, he undid the back of my bra so quickly that I didn't even notice, I had forgotten what Tom's touch felt like but now longed for him. He had taken off his boxer shorts and was now taking off my thongs, kissing and gently nibbling my breasts as he did. He started to stroke my thigh and I moved his hand up higher so that his fingers were on my clitoris, I was scratching his back and pulling him closer, begging for him to touch me more. I screamed with excitement as he slid inside me. When I woke that morning, I felt different, and then I remembered what had happened the night before. I got out of the bed still totally naked, and grabbed my clothes from the floor on the way out the door, Tom was still asleep and I didn't think that I could wake him; I just wanted to get out. When I got home I went straight into my bedroom where I cried for hours, I didn't regret the night before but I didn't want to ruin what we already had either. The phone rang beside the bed and I picked up to hear a voice which I knew was Tom's. I was crying as I answered, and Tom could tell this. He asked me what was wrong and I explained. â€Å"I want it all or nothing at all. There's nowhere left to fall when you reach the bottom, it's now or never. Is it all or are we just friends, is this how it ends, with a simple telephone call, you leave me here with nothing at all?† I sobbed. â€Å"That's what I phoned to say to you Victoria, I want you to have it all, I want us to be together properly, I'm sick of pretending that I don't love you because I do!† he answered. I told him that I loved him too, I was overpowered by shock. The next few weeks passed quickly, Jane loved the idea of us being back together again, so did all of our friends. We're planning to wed in the summer and then we want to start a family of our own. Who would have guessed that you can look love in the face for so long and not even realise that it's there. This book is a lesson for all of you, you only live once, live it to the full, don't let anything come between you and your dreams†¦

Of Mice and Men Prologue

The sun set through the window of the bar. A girl with bouncing brown ringlets and yellow feathers in her hair and deep blood red lips was set on a bar stool talking to the bar tender, â€Å"I tell ya what Tony, one day I'ma be somethin', you just watch. I ain't selliin you no baloney. I'ma go into town, get outta this hell hole and make something of myself. I wasn't born to be a nobody singin' in a bar every night that's for sure, I'ma make it big Tony. I'ma be in the pictures one day.† â€Å"You need to stop dreamin kid. It ain't gonna get you nowhere just broken hearted. We all have our hopes an' dreams, but nothin' ever happens. You best go get ready now, you're on in five.† The girl was barely 16 in her bright blue eyes, but was looking more than 25 in her low cut sparkling sun yellow dress. She shuffled off her bar stool to the stage where she stood in front of her microphone facing the audience of big burly men shouting at each other, playing card games, and drinking ale. The man on the piano started playing and the room went silent, all except one voice and a piano. The sweetest sound anyone in that room had ever heard. The girl sensed all the men's eyes falling on her and she cherished the attention. She started to shake her hips and glide around the stage, lapping up the wolf whistles from all the men. Two men entered the bar, both the same height; One was an elderly men, with white hair and a beard, the other just slightly older than her. They stood out amongst all the other men in the room that were dressed in denim. They were seated at the table right in front of the stage. The girl couldn't take her eyes off the younger man. Something about the mystery of him was giving her stomach butterflies. She finished her show to a big applause and shouts from all the men apart from the two at the front who just applauded quietly. She took her place back at the bar, â€Å"say, Tony, what are them two doing here?† She pointed carefully at the men near the stage, â€Å"They certainly ain't from this town, for sure.† Tony looked over and sighed, â€Å"Don't know who they think they are, flashin' their stuff like they somethin' special, folk like them got no business in places like this†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Tony quickly stopped talking as he saw the youngest of the men walking over. â€Å"Hey, my name is Rico Millegrew, I work for a talent agency. Me and my old man heard you were good and came to check it out, we'd like you to join our agency, try you out for acting, get you in the pictures, we seen what you can do with your singing and you're quite a looker, we think you could really go far.† The young girl looked astonished, â€Å"What you tryna say?† Her face gleamed and the excitement grew inside her when she thought of all the nice clothes and money she'd have. â€Å"Just give me your address and I'll send a letter out to you first thing†. Tony who had been listening very carefully to the conversation slipped her a piece of paper and a pen, â€Å"Lola, think what ya doing kid, it could be a scam, you hear about this kinda stuff all of the time, guys pretendin' to be somethin' they ain't to take advantage of young girl like you.† Lola stared at him, â€Å"Shut up Tony! What do you know? Just ‘cuz you're goin' nowhere with your life don't mean you can try to ruin mine. I know you want me to stay here in this hell hole wit you ‘cuz you got no chances but I ain't, you hear me? This is my chane, I'ma make it big Tony and then we'll see who was right!† The anger flared in the girl's eyes as she listened to the cruel words of her friend trying to ruin her dream. In anger and excitement she scribbled down her address and name and gave the paper to the man, â€Å"promise ya'll write, you better make sure you write to me now!† The man looked at the stressed girl and muttered before leaving the bar with the other man. The girl grabbed her coat and ran underneath the moonlight, all the way to her house. She flung open the door, â€Å"Ma'!† she cried towards the middle aged morose looking woman sat next to the fire rocking a cradle. The woman stared at her like she was mad as she told her the story of the men at the bar and how she was going to make something of herself. â€Å"You're crazy!† she shouted at the young girl, â€Å"You ain't going nowhere, you're too young, you don't think we all have dreams? Well I had a dream once, look where I ended up! A single mother with six kids, and you screaming nonsense at me! Some life this is ain't it!† The woman panted to catch her breath, â€Å"Stop bein' so ridiculous, life ain't a dream, life ain't easy, you ain't takin' any easy route missy, you just gonna end up like me and all the other women in this god forsaken town, a worthless nobody, only good for poppin' out babies an' your husband runnin' off with some cheap lousy tart† The young girl was reduced to tears, she ran upstairs where she refused to come ou t of for days. Lola spent three, slow months waiting for the letter. She'd been panicking that it wasn't coming, worrying she had given the wrong information, blaming Tony for making her blow her top in front of them. After another three months, June was approaching. Eventually, 6 months of waiting and blaming everyone for it not coming had made Lola realise there would never be a letter. The hot sun gleamed through the bar window. Tony stood in his usual spot behind the bar cleaning glasses, he noticed the tired dead eyes and flat dirty brown hair of the girl that had just walked in wearing a dirt stained sun dress. After 6 months, Tony hardly recognised the girl that was staring at him and he immediately knew what had happened, she never got the letter. He didn't say anything, just got her a drink. â€Å"On the house.† He said to Lola. She was bewildered at his generosity after how she had treated him, â€Å"thank you,† she said solemnly and gave him a weak smile. She took her drink and set at the bar till the sun set, drinking till she was half-dead. â€Å"You've had enough Lola,† Tony said looking at the limp body sprawled across the bar, â€Å"you need to be getting off home.† He looked around the room for help and saw a small man with coarse wire hair standing near the bar, â€Å"you couldn't give me a hand now could you?† He asked the stranger. The stranger looked at the girl and said â€Å"Sure. My name's Curley by the way. This girl looks dead!† He put his arm around the girl and Tony did the same, â€Å"NO!† she shouted, â€Å"No, I'm not going back there! Not a chance in hell am I goin' to go back!† The men looked at each other dumb strucken, â€Å"Say, my old man owns a ranch not too far away, why don't she come stay up there for a few nights until she gets herself sorted?† Tony didn't know what to say, â€Å"I suppose she'd be alright, I've heard good things about the boss up at the ranch in Soledad.† The girl muttered a drunken plea, â€Å"Anythin' but that place †, she said. The men took the girl outside and placed her on a strong horse. Curley then climbed up and set behind her. â€Å"Make sure she's alrigh'!† said Tony to Curley. Curley looked at Tony and smiled, â€Å"Oh don't you worry, she'll be fine, I can sure pack a punch to anyone that tries to hurt her† he grinned. Tony was reassured and waved him off.

Effects of Taxes essays

Effects of Taxes essays Taxes are needed in order to securely administer and fund different governmental organizations, as well as construction and other universal infrastructure services. Many proponents of taxes suggest that taxation is way too extreme within the present day economic trends that exist within America. Taxes do fund many programs and construction of certain projects within America, but also effect certain aspects of America's economy. Taxes do present positive as well as negative characteristics within an economic system. Increased taxes do have a direct effect toward consumers, businesses, and the overall economy. Consumers are exposed to extreme effects of taxes, and may even be effected more than any other group within the economy. Increasing prices on their products due to the increased taxes makes up most of the potential profits for businesses. The consumers therefore lose out because of the increased prices, and must decide on another budgetary analysis. For example, a consumer who is introduced to new taxes may decide to stop purchasing a certain product. A consumer may choose to not purchase a good that my normally go along with another good. This good is a complimentary good and may not be bought because of increased taxes. For instance, if a consumer normally buys powdered cream with coffee grinds, increased taxes may require a consumer to only purchase one of the goods. The coffee would be the good that the consumer would purchase, and would not purchase the creamer. A similar phenomenon would occur for a consumer that participates in buying superior and inferior goods. F or instance, a consumer usually buys higher priced brands of cereals, and due to higher taxes; the consumer may be content in purchasing generic brands of cereals instead of the normal purchase of higher priced brands. This is labeled as substitute goods, and denotes how a change in taxes will cause a consumer to substitute another good, and in t...

Otodus - Fascinating Facts and Figures

Otodus - Fascinating Facts and Figures Name: Otodus (Greek for inclined teeth); pronounced OH-toe-duss Habitat: Oceans worldwide Historical Epoch: Paleocene-Eocene (60-45 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 30 feet long and 1-2 tons Diet: Marine animals Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; long, sharp, triangular teeth About Otodus Since the skeletons of sharks are composed of biodegradable cartilage rather than longer-lasting bone, often times the only fossil evidence of prehistoric species consists of teeth (sharks grow and shed thousands of teeth during their lifetimes, which is why theyre so abundant in the fossil record). Thats the case with the early Cenozoic Otodus, whose huge (three or four inches long), sharp, triangular teeth point to a full-grown adult size of up to 30 feet, though we know frustratingly little else about this prehistoric shark, other than that it likely fed on prehistoric whales, other, smaller sharks, and the abundant prehistoric fish that lived in the worlds oceans 50 million years ago. Its fossilized teeth aside, Ototodus greatest claim to fame is that it seems to have been directly ancestral to Megalodon, the 50-foot-long, 50-ton predatory behemoth that ruled the worlds oceans right until the cusp of the modern era. (This is not to diminish Otodus own place in the record books; this prehistoric shark was at least one and one-half times as big as the biggest Great White Sharks alive today.) Paleontologists have established this evolutionary link by examining the similarities between these two sharks teeth; specifically, the teeth of Otodus show early hints of the flesh-ripping serrations that would later characterize the teeth of Megalodon.

9 Simple Tips to Improve Your Job Search

9 Simple Tips to Improve Your Job Search Keeping up with the things you need to do by maintaining a to-do list is a good idea for those who are job searching. It not only helps keep you on track, it reminds you of those things you need to do to make your search for a job a success. Diligence is the key to finding that perfect job.   1. Check for Jobs Each MorningFirst thing each morning, check the job listings. There are other people out there who would like to have the same jobs you apply for, and being among the first to apply can put you in a better position to get just the job you want.  2. Don’t Put Things OffWhen you see a job that interests you, send your resume and cover letter without putting it off. It is surprisingly easy to tell yourself that you will do it later and then forget about it. By the time you get around to applying, possibly days later, the job may be filled.  3. Follow Up on ApplicationsIf you haven’t heard back on job applications you have submitted, it is a good idea to wait a week and follow up. Sometimes, expressing further interest in a job can get you pushed up in the application process. If you receive a definitive no, you can remove that job from your list.  4. Use Technology to Stay OrganizedUtilize technology by using your cell phone or computer to stay organized with your job search. Making up a spreadsheet with dates and the ability to check off tasks when completed ensures that you are following up on schedule. In addition, it is easier to add on other job hunting tasks as they come up.  5. Learn New SkillsLearning something new is always useful. Factor in a few hours a week to take a class, learn a new skill that relates to your dream job or catch up to date. The time spent doing this will be worthwhile as it shows employers that you take your skills seriously.  6. Research Your Job NicheNew jobs pop up in industries that offer you the ability to apply your skills in new areas. Do research in your field to find new positions that you can enter. If taking a few courses helps you fit the job requirements, take night courses or online courses to expand your employability.  7. Work on Personal PaperworkOnce a week, work on one of the documents you use to apply for a job. You can use this time to recheck your resume, cover letter or personal plan to market yourself. See where you can make improvements. Remember to personalize your applications by studying the company where you are applying, and use your assets and strengths to show how you would be a good match for the company team.  8. Customizing Job ApplicationsOne mistake job seekers sometimes make is sending out a general resume for every job application. Aiming your resume toward particular jobs helps because the hiring manager will know right away whether you are a good fit for the job. Instead of just listing your qualifications, also list what you did that was a benefit to the company. Working as a salesperson, for instance, list how you won a company award for the number of sales you made.  9. Do Volunteer WorkVolunteer work looks good on a resume, whether it is coaching a group of children in soccer or volunteering at a local charity. Add this to your to-do list, and make time for it. It not only lets you make new contacts and help others but shows your potential employer that you have outside interests.  Keeping on top of job applications with a job search site can help you find that perfect job more quickly. TheJobNetwork helps by letting you enter your qualifications and does the search for you. Sign up for our job match alert, and searches are done round the clock, sending you job notifications as soon as they pop up. By receiving job alerts that match your qualifications and job interests, you won’t miss any jobs for which you are qualified. In addition, it gives you the ability to search job sites yourself to be proactive.

Interpretive Paper on the Bayon Temple Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Interpretive Paper on the Bayon Temple - Essay Example At the centre of the walled city is the Bayon Temple, representing the intersection of heaven and earth. The Bayon Temple is renowned for its immense stone faces of the Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara also known as Lokesvara; every stone face looks outwards and keeps watch over each cardinal direction. The calmly smiling image is believed to represent King Jayavarman himself (DumarCay et al, 2001) . Additionally, there are fifty-one smaller towers surrounding Bayon, each with four faces of its own. The long walls surrounding the Bayon Temple bear a unique collection of bas-relief scenes of legendary and historical events (DumarCay et al, 2001). Over 11,000 carved figures are wrought on the 1.2 km of wall, their paint now faded The Bayon Temple consisted of three plans, for the three levels of the monument. The fourth state of construction pertained to the building of passages linking the galleries at the first and second levels (DumarCay et al, 2001). The purpose of this paper is to inte rpret the architecture of the Bayon Temple of Angkor Thom in Cambodia. The relationship of its elements, shape, and design to the temple’s socio-cultural context will be examined. ... The central ‘mountain’ was a Buddhist sanctuary containing a large image of the Buddha Amitabha, while the four faces of Bodhisatva Lokesvara, ‘the Lord of the World’ embellished its numerous towers (Figs. 2 and 3) (Eisenstadt, 1971). There is a gate in the middle of each of the four sides marking the limits of the city, and a fifth gate on the East leads to the entrance of the royal palace. Similar to the central Bayon Temple, and the other towers within the walled city of Angkor, the towers above the gates are also crowned with the four-fold faces of Lokesvara. Thus, the smaller world of the city, and that of the whole Khmer empire were put under the protection of the ‘Lord of the Universe’ (Eisenstadt, 1971). The cosmic meaning of the city was further accentuated by the balustrades of the causeways leading over the moat to the city gates. They were made up of rows of giant stone figures representing gods and demons, holding a massive seven-he aded serpent (Figs.4, 5, and 6) (Eisenstadt, 1971). By these structural components and adornments, the entire city represented the â€Å"churning of the primeval milk ocean by gods and demons, when they used the serpent king as a rope and Mount Meru as churning stick† (Eisenstadt, 1971, p.171). Thus, the moat around the walled city of Angkor Thom symbolized the ocean, while the Bayon Temple at the centre of the city which formed the converging point for all the lines of churning gods and demons, represented Mount Meru itself. This is portrayed in Figs. 4, 5 and 6. According to DumarCay et al (2001), in the architectural history of ancient Cambodia, the Bapuon was the last temple mountain constructed in compliance with the cult of

Scholarly Journal Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Scholarly Journal Review - Essay Example In this paper the journal selected will be studied completely to understand its major ideas and concepts. The articulation, the strengths and weakness and structure of writing will be interpreted on. The topic will be compared and contrasted to understand its significance. The main intention is to study the concept of academic freedom more deeply and clearly. How the journal article has been useful in explaining the subject will be a part of the analysis. The synthesis and richness of the article will be contemplated on. As per ( Warwick,2011) â€Å"Writing a strong researched paper requires the ability to synthesis or combine elements of several sources to help you make a point â€Å"The relation of the topic to my personal and professional career will also be part of the study. Overview of the Topic The topic of the journal is the social significance of academic freedom. The author suggests that teachers and students should have the freedom to enquire and explore, only then the s ociety can get benefit from them. According to ( MacKinnon, 2011) â€Å"Academic freedom is a lot of freedom, but it has its limitations, and respect for the core value of academic freedom requires respect for its limitations†. ... The article looks the way in which higher education do good for public. The role of non – profit educational institutions in 21st century is a concern of the article. The article suggests that education institution has the purpose of culturing democratic values in students and providing skilled and knowledgeable workforce. As per ( Euben,2002) â€Å"Since the early 1970s, however, academic freedom cases have focused primarily on faculty freedom from institutional intrusion†. The article also looks at the academic freedom existing in history of America. The genesis of tenure is also discussed in the article. According to the author, tenure protected the academic freedom. The article put forward, methodology and studies which examine the reaction of faculties when their institution is faced by controversies. The study revealed the academic freedom of the educational institution under study. As per (Heins,2013) â€Å"Academic freedom is necessary not because teachers are smarter or better than everyone else, but because they serve the public interest by imparting the skills to think critically and participate meaningfully in the great, if often flawed, American experiment in democracy†. The article comments about responsibility of University under research and also their role in public discourse. The importance of public engagement is also discussed in the article. Compare and Contrast When comparing the topic of the journal with the academic freedom it has close connection with the subject. The article deeply defines the meaning of academic freedom and its significance in social arena. The topic is all about how academic freedom can contribute to the welfare of the society. The journal does not deviate from the

Valley Forge in Pennsylvania Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Valley Forge in Pennsylvania - Research Paper Example Valley Forge in Pennsylvania was the site of the military camp of the American Continental Army over the winter of 1777–1778 Valley Forge is among the historical places that marked the American Revolution. Moreover, George Washington and his army spent a harsh winter at Valley Forge in the year 1777 -1778. Furthermore, during this period many of the Continental army perished due to starvation, lack of proper clothing to protect them from the cold and infectious diseases (Webstar 1305). Consequently, the Continental army was reduced to almost half its initial population. However, the conditions at the camp improved when congress sent food at the camp and hygiene standards were elevated. Moreover, the soldiers were drilled and when spring arrived, they were ready and eager to face the British army in the battle field. To this end, the continental army eventually fought with the British army even though they were at draw military wise. The Continental Army left the battle field in high spirits and confidence compared to the previous wars. The subsequent sections will elaborate on the reasons as to why General Washington’s Continental army decided to camp at Valley Forge. Moreover, the challenges they encountered during the encampment at Valley Forge will be discussed comprehensively. Furthermore, the drilling of soldiers by Steuben Baron that took place while they were at Valley Forge will be intricately discussed. Finally, the aftermath of the training process will be summarily discussed. Reasons for Camping at Valley Forge In the 18th century of 1777 George Washington, the general of continental army, moved with his army to the south of New Jersey. His objective was to defend Philadelphia city from the advancing forces of William Howe. Consequently, the two armies clashed at Brandywine on the 11th of September (Hickman 1). As a result, Washington’s army was defeated and flee the city. Washington’s army struck again at Germantown on 4th of October in order to regain initiative but was decisively defeated. Subsequently, with the cold weather approaching Washington moved his army to a winter encampment. To this end, he chose Valley Forge, 20 mile s from Northwest city of Philadelphia. Evidently, the site would easily be defendable from surprise attacks. In addition, provision of food from local farmers would be easy. Challenges at Valley Forge In as much as Washington chose the best place for his soldiers to camp, they still encountered serious problems like lack of food and clothing. The soldiers had little to eat apart from fried dough called fire cakes. Furthermore, the soldiers wore tattered cloths and their accommodation was hastily built. The accommodation consisted of canvas walls and dirt floors that were smoky and cold. Furthermore, the cabins were ideal sites for the spreading of diseases that subjected the soldiers to bouts of cold (Miller 9). In addition, the local farmers were hesitant to give their food in exchange to the almost worthless soldiers. On the contrary, the farmers traded their produce with the British; located miles away Philadelphia; for liquid cash. Furthermore, the local farmers even continued t o hoard food as they waited to earn higher profits in the spring season. Consequently, there were prevalent desertions and deaths from diseases and hunger. This led to a reduction of the continental army to almost one-half of the initial size (Miller 9). In addition, Washington was privately annoyed with the lack of strong commitment from his supposedly patriot fighters. Washington’s Leadership Qualities Questioned Washington’s leadership integrity and qualities were cast openly in doubt by his fellow army officers as well as part of the

Zoo Paper Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Zoo Paper Analysis - Essay Example I think that you should have expounded it more instead of jumping right away to your thesis. As suggested in the Argument Lecture, the thesis sentence should not be placed in the beginning of the essay; instead a good argument should come at the end of the sentence. In your paper, you immediately stated your thesis statement at the second paragraph stating, â€Å"It is morally wrong to keep wild animals in captivity†. In fact, you already hinted at it already at the first paragraph when you said, â€Å"No amount of replication, no matter how convincing, is enough to make up for denying these creatures their freedom.† You also expressed, â€Å"The argument is simple: The fact that we are stronger or smarter than animals does not give us the right to ambush and exploit them solely for the purposes of our own entertainment.† Since your audience is adversarial, it is not right for you to impose your belief to them at the start of your essay. You should have establish ed your points of argument first before stating your thesis statement. You failed to take note of the point in the Argument Lecture which said that in a great argument, the thesis is never explicitly stated. A positive point of your paper is that you were able to use cause and affect language in your essay. An example of this is when you said that â€Å"most animals in captivity cannot go back in the wild†. The cause here is the captivity which resulted to an effect of not being able to go back in the wild. Another cause and effect statement which you presented is that because of inbreeding in zoos, the offspring is often weakened. Your essay also stated a very good Point of Agreement in the third paragraph when you stated, â€Å"We humans take our own freedom quite seriously.† I would commend this statement because indeed your audience will agree to it because it is a given fact. It does not even mention anything about your desire to abolish zoos. In the same paragrap h you also stated a Point of Disagreement, â€Å"But too many of us apparently feel no obligation to grant that same right to animals†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The third paragraph is a good example of AGREEMENT  --> DISAGREEMENT. Reading the whole paper though, I think that you lack statements of Agreements. You concentrated more on Points of Disagreement. Maybe you should add more Points of Agreement so as not to intimidate your audience especially at the start of the paper. Another point which I want to mention and remind you is that â€Å"an argument is not a debate†. You did not have to present both sides of the argument like what you did in discussing about the case Jackie, the dolphin. As I was reading through your paper, I got confused as to what argument you were really presenting. Especially in the last four paragraphs of your essay, I was beginning to think that what you were fighting for was about the preservation of endangered species. You deviated from your previous argum ent about zoos being abolished. You jumped to a new topic about the destruction of the natural habitats of animals. There are now so many issues being presented so much so that you are already confusing your audience on what you really want them to do. Is it to abolish zoos, protect the ecosystem or is it the preservation of endangered species? Maybe you should have written another argumentative essay on these topics and just concentrate on the abolition of zoos in your essay. It is hard to persuade your audience if you confuse them with too many issues. Based on the above comments, the grade that I will give you is F because you failed to follow some of the basic guidelines which was presented in the Argument Lecture. Because of that, I cannot give you a high grade since from the start of your essay you have been out

Enterprise and Entrepreneurial Management Essay - 3

Enterprise and Entrepreneurial Management - Essay Example The process involves generation of multiple ideas in the minds of the respective entrepreneur. The person may screen and reach at a various different ideas with each one having its unique pros and cons. Such ideas are generally in a raw format without much technical analysis being done on them. Idea generation is extremely significant because idea is the stone that is polished at the various stages of a business plan. An idea arises mostly from the personal interests and perception of the entrepreneur. It is something that is related to the behavioural nature and professional mindset of the entrepreneur. For instance a medical professional might develop an idea for surgical equipment retailing, a good cook might think of opening a restaurant and the like. It is always better to work out on those areas which relates to the interest of entrepreneur. It is as good as a business firm diversifying into a related product line. If the entrepreneur is familiar with the idea, it would be conv enient for him/her to manage it. Therefore, the first question an aspiring entrepreneur should ask is what interests them the most and is there an opportunity lying in the market for the same. This thought can give rise to more specific ideas. Strategic Objectives: Strategic objectives or just business objectives refer to the actual purposes of the business for which the business actually exists. It is considered as the focal point of all the major activities of the business. The strategic objectives of a business are usually encompassed in the terms Vision and Mission. Vision is the future outlook of the business and Mission is the actual purpose as well as course of action to be taken to... The researcher states that in the case of a successful enterprise, a detailed and comprehensive Business Plan is the primary step which ensures the overall course of action of the business. In most cases, a business plan is created to explain and illustrate the vision you have for your business, and to persuade others to help you achieve that vision. Topfer states that starting a business without enough planning is like setting a journey without deciding on the destination. In most cases, small businesses simply ignore the process of business planning. There are various different reasons which actually become hurdle in the formulation of the Business Plan including time constraints, resource constraints and more importantly expertise constraints. But irrespective of the size of the business, it is always beneficial to have a clearly charted out plan. Business plans are required not only for planning the future of the business but also for the availing financing options. All financial institutions assist with the capital requirement of the company only after a careful study of the prospects of the business. Such an analysis is possible only with the help of a detailed and comprehensive business plan. This paper highlights the entrepreneurial characteristics. There are several literatures that discuss the qualities and skills required for becoming a successful entrepreneur. Most of such literatures discuss almost the same characteristics.

Zoo Paper Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Zoo Paper Analysis - Essay Example I think that you should have expounded it more instead of jumping right away to your thesis. As suggested in the Argument Lecture, the thesis sentence should not be placed in the beginning of the essay; instead a good argument should come at the end of the sentence. In your paper, you immediately stated your thesis statement at the second paragraph stating, â€Å"It is morally wrong to keep wild animals in captivity†. In fact, you already hinted at it already at the first paragraph when you said, â€Å"No amount of replication, no matter how convincing, is enough to make up for denying these creatures their freedom.† You also expressed, â€Å"The argument is simple: The fact that we are stronger or smarter than animals does not give us the right to ambush and exploit them solely for the purposes of our own entertainment.† Since your audience is adversarial, it is not right for you to impose your belief to them at the start of your essay. You should have establish ed your points of argument first before stating your thesis statement. You failed to take note of the point in the Argument Lecture which said that in a great argument, the thesis is never explicitly stated. A positive point of your paper is that you were able to use cause and affect language in your essay. An example of this is when you said that â€Å"most animals in captivity cannot go back in the wild†. The cause here is the captivity which resulted to an effect of not being able to go back in the wild. Another cause and effect statement which you presented is that because of inbreeding in zoos, the offspring is often weakened. Your essay also stated a very good Point of Agreement in the third paragraph when you stated, â€Å"We humans take our own freedom quite seriously.† I would commend this statement because indeed your audience will agree to it because it is a given fact. It does not even mention anything about your desire to abolish zoos. In the same paragrap h you also stated a Point of Disagreement, â€Å"But too many of us apparently feel no obligation to grant that same right to animals†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The third paragraph is a good example of AGREEMENT  --> DISAGREEMENT. Reading the whole paper though, I think that you lack statements of Agreements. You concentrated more on Points of Disagreement. Maybe you should add more Points of Agreement so as not to intimidate your audience especially at the start of the paper. Another point which I want to mention and remind you is that â€Å"an argument is not a debate†. You did not have to present both sides of the argument like what you did in discussing about the case Jackie, the dolphin. As I was reading through your paper, I got confused as to what argument you were really presenting. Especially in the last four paragraphs of your essay, I was beginning to think that what you were fighting for was about the preservation of endangered species. You deviated from your previous argum ent about zoos being abolished. You jumped to a new topic about the destruction of the natural habitats of animals. There are now so many issues being presented so much so that you are already confusing your audience on what you really want them to do. Is it to abolish zoos, protect the ecosystem or is it the preservation of endangered species? Maybe you should have written another argumentative essay on these topics and just concentrate on the abolition of zoos in your essay. It is hard to persuade your audience if you confuse them with too many issues. Based on the above comments, the grade that I will give you is F because you failed to follow some of the basic guidelines which was presented in the Argument Lecture. Because of that, I cannot give you a high grade since from the start of your essay you have been out

History Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

History - Term Paper Example It is a confederacy or league of six native Indian tribes. The latter term emanated from the Englishmen while the former from French. The tribes were Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Mohawk, and Senega. They were joined by Tuscora later in 1722. Some modern Historical scholars have attempted to paint a clear distinction between the League and the Confederacy. According to Kellogg’s, Barrons E-Z American History (75), the ceremonial and cultural institution personified in the majestic Council is the Iroquois League, while the Confederacy was the decentralized political and diplomatic entity that emerged to counter the European colonization. Today the League still exists, unlike the Confederacy, which dissolved after the fall of the British and allied other Nations in the American Revolutionary War. Noble Savage refers to an idealized concept of uncivilized man. This man signifies the inward goodness of one who is not exposed to the corrupting influences of civilization. Thinkers and writers traced the concept of the noble savage to Ancient Greece. Philosophers of Homer, Pliny, and Xenophon ilk idealized primitive groups such as the Arcadians, both real and imagined as a noble savage. Frederick Douglass was an African-American social reformer, abolitionist writer, and orator. Born a slave in 1818, he escaped from slavery at the age of 20. Douglass was a master of irony; this was illustrated by his famous speech delivered on Fourth of July 1852 where he proclaimed that this Fourth of July was yours, not mine. You may rejoice, I must mourn. He then pointed the figure at the audience of ridicule for inviting him to address. In addition, he referred to Psalm 137, whereby the rivers of Babylon the Israelites were compelled to sit down and sing the Lord’s song in a strange land (Martin et al., 357). Manifest Destiny is a terminology that denotes the widespread attitude present during the period of American expansion. According to this

Sinner in the Hands of an Angry God Essay Example for Free

Sinner in the Hands of an Angry God Essay Consider the fearful danger you are in; it is a great furnace of wrath, a wide and bottomless pit, full of the fire of wrath, that you are held over in the hand of that God, whose wrath is provoked and incensed as much against you, as against many of the damned in Hell. You hang by a slender thread, with the flames of divine wrath flashing about it, and ready every moment to singe it, and burn it asunder; and you have no interest in any mediator, and nothing to lay hold of to save yourself, nothing to keep off the flames of wrath, nothing of your own, nothing that you ever have done, nothing that you can do, to induce God to spare you. The sovereign pleasure of God, for the present, stays his rough wind; otherwise it would come like a whirlwind, and you would be like the chaff of the summer threshing floor. 1. Explain the mood of this passage. The mood is Somber and Serious. 2. Using specific examples, give one example of a metaphor, one example of a simile, and one example of an allusion that Edwards uses in this passage from the sermon to elicit this particular mood. A Great furance of warth like a whirlwind the summer threshing floor 3. What specific words (minimum of three) does he choose to make his tone clear? Danger, Wrath, Damned in hell 4. What images (pictures in the listeners mind) does Edwards use in the passage to make his tone clear? What effect do those images have on establishing the tone of the piece? Gods Rough Wind- Tone is Serious 5. In the last two paragraphs of the sermon Edwards talks about an extraordinary opportunity his congregation has. What is this opportunity? How does his sermon persuade the congregation to take advantage of this opportunity?

Life Cycle Assessment of Natural Rubber Wellies

Life Cycle Assessment of Natural Rubber Wellies LCA Boundaries and Assumptions: A hypothetical situation was created to symbolize a likely life cycle for a pair of Joules brand rubber boots. Therefore, Thailand was chosen as a source of natural rubber as one of the worlds largest producers. China was chosen as the Joules company website clearly states their products are handmade in China. I contacted the company to see if they could give me information on the location of their manufacturing facility but they could not divulge this. Transportation distances are based on locations of busy forts, shipment through the Suez Canal, and appropriate distances from major ports to smaller retailers within the UK. Another assumption is that these boots are made of 100% natural leather with chemical inputs rather than a mix of synthetic and natural rubber to make the life cycle less complex. Greenhouse gases are considered for processing facilities and transportation but not the footprints of the construction of these facilities and equipment. Also, it is assumed the boots are not recycled or reused and instead, immediately disposed of in a landfill. The working conditions of factory workers in the manufacturing of this product are not specific to the creation of this particular project but the industry overall and facts concerning the presence of rubber in landfills pertains to all forms of rubber (dominated by tires). Step 1: Rubber plantation growth and latex extraction Description of step The sap of the rubber tree, or Hevea brasiliensis, known as latex is tapped by diagonally cutting across the trees bark and allowing the sap to drain (Peeples, 2016). The maturity time for a rubber tree is seven years (Yujie et al., 2012). About 300 ml of latex sap can be harvested from one rubber tree each day (Anjitha, 2013). Over 90% of the worlds rubber plantations are found in Southeast Asia (Gamaralalage, Sawai, and Nunours, 2016; Rubber Manufacturers Association, n.d.). Thailand and Indonesia each produce about one third of annual global rubber production (Ives, 2013). Southeast Asia is only home to 1.5% of historically valuable areas for growth of rubber trees but currently produces 97% of the worlds natural rubber resources (Ahrends et al., 2015). planting in sub optimal regions does lead to crop failures Environmental Impacts Climate Topsoil erosion on monoculture plantations à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   decreased soil carbon sequestration (Ives, 2013). Climate Change likely to lead to unpredictable weather patterns and monsoon periods à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   increasing vulnerability of plantations Large-scale plantation failures in Southern China were linked to drought and/or unexpectedly cold winters in 2008, 2010, and 2013 (Ahrends et al., 2015). Indonesia has faced periods of drought and forest fires that have negatively affected the industry (Suwannakji, 2015). Water Large amounts of fertilizers and herbicides used on rubber plantations à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   eutrophication of local rivers with increase in nitrogen and phosphorus contributions (Gamaralalage, Sawai, and Nunoura, 2016). Terrestrial Ecosystems and Animals Rubber plantations increasingly planted on steeper hillsides à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   monsoon season occurs à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   washout of topsoil, altered pH levels of streams, eutrophication (Kaiyoorawong and Yangdee, 2006) Asian Development Bank reported that in the Xishuangbanna region of China each hectare of rubber plantation loses an estimated 22.5 tons of soil per year (Ives, 2013). Loss of Biodiversity Many rain forests converted to monoculture plantations (Liu et al., 2006; Li et al., 2007) Yunnan Province in China, known for great emergence of rubber industry is also home worlds most northern tropical forests, one fifth of Chinas mammals, and one third of its birds (Ives, 2013). Loss of forest land cover linked to loss of habitat for species In the Yunnan Province of China, plantations are destroying habitats of the Asian elephant and white-checked gibbons (Ives, 2013). Loss of protected environmental lands From 2005 to 2010, more than 610 square km of protected areas were converted to plantation in Southeast Asia (Ahrends et al., 2015). Harm to aquatic environments Eutrophication in water bodies leads to large-scale algal blooms which die and consume all of the available dissolved oxygen in aquatic environments as they decompose, leading to the collapse of ecosystems and die-off. Human Health and Societal Impacts Workers on plantations have no knowledge of the market and are controlled by the landowners that employ them. Price fluctuations can have very fast and damaging effects on tapping communities (Ahrends et al., 2015). Long work hours combined with a lack of autonomy lead to less life satisfaction. Chinese landowners and companies have begun buying up land on the Malay Peninsula. This means profit from sap no longer stays within local communities (Ahrends et al., 2015). Plays into long-term tension in which richer China and Thailand have a tendency to exploite the poorer Laos and Myanmar for resources (Sturgeon, 2013). Deforestation and local environmental change are linked to the harm of local ethnic communities, notably in China (Liu et al., 2006). Increase in malaria cases on plantations plantations provide breeding habitats for mosquitoes including latex-collecting cups and water storage containers (Tangena et al., 2016). In Thailand and Indonesia, 30-40% of all malaria cases annually are linked to farmers and those associated with the agricultural industry (Bhumiratana et al., 2013). Health issues failing eyesight for tappers who generally work through the night in SEA with limited light, eye and skin irritation and respiratory issues from spraying chemicals without protection, and inadequate rest (Kaiyoorawong and Yangdee, 2006). Step 2: Transport of sap barrels to processor facility Huge tanks on pick-up trucks transport sap to processing facilities not far from plantations (Chaiear, 2010). Environmental Impacts Climate considerations for greenhouse gases created from the burning of fossil fuels, notably carbon dioxide Air release of particulate matter, nitrous oxides, etc. that contribute to air pollution Human Health and Societal Impacts Often the people who own the processing facility also own the plantations as one dominated supply chain in which workers have little decision making power. Trade unions have struggled in some countries because companies will just lay off tons of workers to break them up (Kaiyoorawong and Yangdee, 2006). Vehicles used are often old and unsafe from a lack of proper maintenance. A lack of proper infrastructure and safe roadways from plantation to processing facility can increase the risk of fatal car accidents. Step 3: Processing and production of rubber sheets Description of steps: Coagulation collected latex for trees is put into larger tanks and formic acid is added à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   latex is allowed to coagulate (takes about 12 hours), product known as coagulum à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   coagulum is squeezed through a series of rolls to drive out water, product is soft solid slabs (Anjitha, 2013) Smoking Pressed coagulum is draped over wooden frames and smoked in smokehouses à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   several days to dry, result is known as ribbed smoked sheets Can also be done by drying coagulum outside in sun, product is air dried sheets and are better grade (Anjitha, 2013) Environmental Impacts Air There is a lot of particulate matter generated particularly in the smoking stage. Particulate matter can affect growth of nearby plantations and cause human respiratory issues (Anjitha, 2013). Water Water pollution from coagulation process which is very acidic and contains high levels of nitrogen and ammonia (Edirisinghe, 2014). Issues associated with eutrophication and additional potential for groundwater contamination can be considered for this step. Terrestrial Ecosystems Smoking stage requires the burning of a lot of local wood exacerbates the threat of deforestation and loss of biodiversity Human Health and Societal Impacts Low hygiene in production facilities no gloves worn in chemical coagulation treatment (Gamaralalage, Sawai, and Nunoura, 2016). Facilities are likely not cleaned routinely and potential hazards are likely not cleared often. Dizziness among workers from daily exposure to ammonia (Gamaralalage, Sawai, and Nunoura, 2016). Debate about economic gain vs. environmental detriment Some community members in Yunnan Province of China acknowledged environmental harm but said they needed and appreciated the economic gain from the rubber industry (Ives, 2013). The average middle class factory worker in Indonesia makes $8.60 per day and $6.70 in Vietnam (Jiaxong and Yangon, 2015). Very low wages and very dangerous conditions for other careers Another study of the garment industry found the hourly wages for factory workers to be; $0.13 per hour in Bangladesh, $0.26 per hour in Vietnam, and $0.44 per hour in China (Powell and Skarbek, 2004) These have likely risen since 2004 but the proportions still likely remain similar Step 4: Transport of sheets to Chinese manufacturer Ten of the busiest ports in the world are in China with Shanghai being the busiest (Jiaxing and Yangon, 2015). choice for this exercise Environmental Impacts Climate Greenhouse gas emissions need to be considered However, maritime shipping is the worlds most carbon-efficient form of transporting goods (Helms, 2013). Air The largest 15 ships in the world emit as much nitrogen oxide and Sulphur oxide as the worlds 760 million cars. There are few regulations for smoke stack emissions on these ships (Helms, 2013). Human Health and Societal Impacts Price at port dominated by China who control demand for rubber as the worlds largest manufacturer and user (Kaiyoorawong and Yangdee, 2006). Often those working on shipping vessels work long hours and spend many days away from home. This career would make it difficult to have a healthfully functioning family. Step 5: Manufacturing, final product assembly, and packaging Description of steps: Compound mixing Chemicals additive liquid mixture including fillers, vulcanization activators, and accelerators are added to rubber (Anjitha, 2013). There are typically between five and twenty additives in most rubbers one example is carbon black which is used as a reinforcing filler (Forrest, 2015). Shaping consists of 4 main processes Extrusion, Calendaring, Coating, Molding Consists of very large machines used to clean rubber, chop it into pellets, pressurize it, and form it into new sheets under high pressure resulting forms of rubber are specific to industry needs and product dimensions (Anjitha, 2013) Vulcanization Process that allows additives to react with rubber to give it its stiffer, stronger, heat and cold tolerant characteristics subject to very high temperatures (Anjitha, 2013) Liners for boots are spun from polyester yarn A machine spins the form (Guney, 2013) Liner and inner rubber form are formed outer rubber pieces are applied (Nicholson, 2011) several steps and product checks here Company labels applied (Guney, 2013) Packaging with cardboard outer box and paper interior packaging (Guney, 2013) Handmade likely means exterior rubber and sole placement is done by hand but machines still provide greater efficiency at each step (Nicholson, 2013) Environmental Impacts Air There is a terrible odor associated with rubber processing associated with ammonia and other, potentially toxic, compounds (Ives, 2013). Over 30 different potentially harmful chemicals have been found in rubber processing fumes include highly volatile hydrocarbons, amines, aldehydes, aerosols, etc. (Forrest, 2015). Although the Joules company claims to be handmade, it is almost guaranteed that many steps of the production process are partially mechanized. This means all of the machines are powered by fossil fuels that emit greenhouse gases when burned (Also linked to climate) Climate Large amount of VOCs created in aforementioned manufacturing processes (Anjitha, 2013). Ozone depleting substances have been found in coatings and adhesives used in some factories (Anjitha, 2013). Other gases produced from the rubber industry include carbon dioxide, nitrous oxides, and carbon monoxide (Akrill et al., 2002). Water Industry produces effluents that are not properly treated in many situations and released directly into surrounding environments à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   groundwater pollution (Hamid et al., 2016) potential impacts to aquatic environments and collapse of communities similar to those mentioned above Ex: Sri Lanka small operations on the island contribute a majority of rubber do not have access to adequate water treatment facilities à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   disgusting odor of water linked to effluent discharge, decreased water quality (Gamaralalage, Sawai, and Nunoura, 2016). Lead has also been found in dangerous amounts in effluent discharge (Akrill et al., 2002). Human Health and Societal Impacts The machines and knives used in extrusion pose occupational hazards for workers whose hands can get trapped when machines get clogged (Hamid et al., 2016). Very loud machines throughout the final processing stages can cause ear drum damage for workers who are not given proper means for ear protection (Akrill et al., 2016). Many negative health effects found: (Anjitha, 2013; Akrill et al., 2002; Ke and Shunzhang, 2002; Chaiear, 2010) Deaths from bladder, stomach, lung, and other cancer in rubber industry- companies claim it is difficult to link to specific chemicals or worker roles, but black carbon, for example, known to be carcinogenic Benzene exposure linked specifically to leukemia in electronics manufacturers benzene also used in rubber manufacturing (Blanding and White, 2015) Skin rashes and other irritation Adverse respiratory effects including chest tightness, shortness of breath, chronic cough, etc Birth defects were also experienced in women pregnant during their work in the rubber industry. The negative health effects of the rubber industry were first studied back in the 1950s (Uchida et al., 1993). The issues are still not being effectively dealt with. The Chinese government often underreports workplace-related accidents and illnesses. Companies attempt to use whatever loopholes available to avoid paying workers compensation and one-time settlements are commonly pushed. The Chinese healthcare system is also inefficient and workers are caught in a complex web (Blanding and White, 2015). Work place accidents are common due to the mishandling of highly volatile and flammable components à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   freqent explosions and associated health impacts and fatalities (Hamid et al., 2016; Chaiear, 2010). Total vision loss for some workers was reported in a massive rubber production zone. The most likely cause was black carbon exposure (Hamid et al., 2016). Increasing suicide rates in Chinas manufacturing industry linked to long work hours and repetitive nature of work (Smyth et al., 2013). One study for hours worked for migrant workers in China showed 40% worked 40-60 hours per week, 25% working 70 hours per week and 7% working more than 70 hours. The mean was 55.5 hours per week (Feng et al., 2002). Many migrant workers are also not part of the workers compensation system in China allowing companies to exploit them and not be held responsible at health for paying medical bills, lost wages, etc. (Blanding and White, 2015). Rationale for products not being handmade in the UK Chinas factories are far cheaper than in other rich nations. Many workers get paid right at the minimum wage which is about one quarter of that in the US. Many companies are moving farther inland in China for even cheaper wages in previously poor rural areas (Jiaxing and Yangon, 2015). Also, studies have found multinational companies offer higher wages and a better standard of living than domestic subcontractors would offer. Therefore, many view the system as important for a better lifestyle (Powell and Skarbek, 2004). Step 6: Transport of final product to port Environmental Impacts similar to Step 2 but the distances traveled are likely longer putting more stress on people are work many long hours away from home Step 7: Shipment of product to the UK Environmental Impacts similar to step 4, assuming freight is coming through the Port of Felixstowe, the UKs largest port (World Shipping council, 2017) Step 8: Transport to UK seller facility Environmental Impacts similar to step 2 and 6 Step 9: Product use Environmental Impacts not very relevant when in the use of the consumer other than considering that people needed to drive to the store or have products delivered from online by truck the previous greenhouse gas emissions and air polluters are also included here (I chose not to include treatments and additional waterproofing coatings sometimes added, but they can contain chemicals potentially leading to air and water pollution.) Human Health and Societal Impacts Company marketing makes one think that the product is handmade by a UK company, but upon further examination it is obvious the product was made in China. After contacting the company, I know it is very difficult to know the origins of any of the natural resources or where the product is actually manufactured. Also, the marketing of Joules attempts to market to rural communities in terms or durability and will show farms in adds, but also market to more posh urban consumers with bright colors, patterns, and bows in designs. Joules has fewer products marketed on their site than many other brands and so want to appear as a timeless brand. However, they still advertise new lines and products differ by year. This is still breeding a consumption culture of needing the new and different design rather than keeping the boots for an extended lifetime. Step 10: Disposal Description of step Although rubber boots could be reused and can have a potentially long lifetime with one consumer, we are skipping directly to disposal in a landfill. There are over 200 million waste tires in the US alone taken to landfills each year. Rubber only makes up less than 8% of total US landfill composition (Clark, 2013). There is also waste from all of the other production processes that is also likely transported to landfills or not disposed of the most environmentally conscious way. For example, the cardboard and paper packaging could be recycled, but for this case, I will assume the consumer fails to do so. Undesirable rubber sheets due to insect accumulation or products made incorrectly likely go to landfills as well, piling up as workplace hazards in factories before disposal. However, this is the consumer usually does not consider. Environmental Impacts Water Natural rubber would be biodegradable before treating but additives and layers apply make this unlikely in landfills. Chemical additives can leach out of improperly sealed landfills à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   water pollution (Clark, 2013) Climate Natural rubber in landfills, if able to biodegrade will still contribute to methane creation within landfills. Human Health and Societal Impacts Countries like the UK with very limited land area need to make tough decisions as a society about how to ethically and efficiently deal with issues of waste. Therefore, in this way each consumer is affected. References Ahrends, A., Hollingsworth, P. M., Ziegler, A. D., Fox, J. M., Chen, H., Su, Y., and Xu, J. (2015) Current trends of rubber plantation expansion may threaten biodiversity and livelihoods. Global Environmental Change, 34, 48-58. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.06.002. Akrill, P., Cocker, J. and Dixon, S. (2002) Occupational exposure in the rubber manufacturing industry. IARC, 134: 265-269. Anjitha, G. (2013) Rubber and environment. Sri Lanka Insitute of Information, Technology. Academia.edu. from http://www.academia.edu/6391326/Rubber_and_environment [12.2.17] Bhumiratana, A., Sorosjinda-Nunthawarasilp, P., Kaewwaen, W., Maneekan, P., and Pimnon, S. (2013) Malaria-associated rubber plantations in Thailand. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, 11(1), 37-50. doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy1.allegheny.edu:2048/10.1016/j.tmaid.2012.11.002. Blanding, M., and White, H. (2015) How China is screwing over its poisoned factory workers. Wired. https://www.wired.com/2015/04/inside-chinese-factories/#slide-3 [5.3.17]. Chaiear, N. (2010) Update on health and safety in the rubber industries. GB: Ismithers Rapra. Clark, T. (2013) Advancements in rubber disposal: Biodegradation and the environment. ENSO Plastics, LLC. International Latex Conference 2013. ://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20140501222120-11496812-advancements-in-rubber-disposal-biodegradation-and-the-environment [27.2.17] Edirisinghe, J. C. (2014) Taxing the pollution: A case for reducing the environmental impacts of rubber production in Sri Lanka. Journal of South Asian Development, 9(1), 71-90. doi:10.1177/0973174113520585. Forrest, M. (2015) The composition and nature of vulcanisation fumes in the rubber industry A technical review. Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology, 31(4), 219-264. Gamaralalage, D., Sawai, O., and Nunoura, T. (2016) Effectiveness of available wastewater treatment facilities in rubber production industries in sri lanka.International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, 7(12), 940-945. doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy1.allegheny.edu:2048/10.18178/ijesd.2016.7.12.908. Guney, I. (2013) How its made: rubber boots. Discovery Channel. Youtube.com. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BuSWAMxdcHg [25.2.17]. Hamid, A., Saeed, I., Akhtar, S., and Ahmad, S. R. (2016) Environmental profile of a rubber industry. Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, 15(3), 957-961. Helms, J. (2013) Worlds 15 biggest ships create more pollution than all the cars in the world. Industry Tap News. http://www.industrytap.com/worlds-15-biggest-ships-create-more-pollution-than-all-the-cars-in-the-world/8182 [28.2.17]. Ives, M. (2013) The rise of rubber takes toll on forests of southwest china. Yale Environment 360 (E360). http://e360.yale.edu/features/the_rise_of_rubber_takes_toll_on_forests_of_southwest_china [12.2.17]. Jiaxing and Yangon. (2015) The future of factory Asia: A tightening grip. The Economist. http://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21646180-rising-chinese-wages-will-only-strengthen-asias-hold-manufacturing-tightening-grip [26.2.17]. Kaiyoorawong, S. and Yangdee, B. (2006) Rights of rubber farmers in Thailand under free trade. Project for Ecological Awareness Building. http://wrm.org.uy/oldsite/countries/Thailand/Rights_of_rubber_farmers_in_Thailand.pdf [27.2.17] Ke, L., and Shunzhang, Y. (2002) Mortality in a Chinese rubber factory: A prospective cohort study. Journal of Occupational Health, 44(2), 76-82. doi:10.1539/joh.44.76. Li, H., Aide, T. M., Ma, Y., Liu, W., Cao, M. (2007) Demand for rubber is causing the loss of high diversity rain forest in SW China. Biodiversity and Conservation, 16(6), 1731-1745. doi:10.1007/s10531-006-9052-7. Liu, W., Hu, H., Ma, Y., Li, H. (2006). Environmental and socioeconomic impacts of increasing rubber plantations in Menglun Township, southwest China. Mountain Research and Development, 26(3), 245-248,250-253. Nicholson, J. (2011) Boot assembly operations. Youtube.com. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H0nDuWIp3K0 [25.2.17]. Peeples, L. (2016) The origin of rubber boots. Scientific American. The Sciences Online. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/origin-rubber-boots-amazonian-indians-goodyear/ [25.2.17]. Powell, B. and Skarbek, D. (2004) Sweatshops and third world living standards: are the jobs worth the sweat? The Independent Institute. http://www.independent.org/publications/working_papers/article.asp?id=1369 [5.3.17]. Rubber Manufacturers Association (RMA). (n.d.). Rubber faqs. RMA online. https://rma.org/about-rma/rubber-faqs/ [12.2.17]. Smyth, R., Qian, X., Nielsen, I., and Kaempfer, I. (2013) Working hours in supply chain Chinese and Thai factories: Evidence from the fair labor associations Soccer project. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 51(2), 382-408. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8543.2011.00881.x. Sturgeon, J. C. (2013) Cross-border rubber cultivation between China and Laos: Regionalization by Akha and Tai rubber farmers: Cross-border rubber cultivation. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography, 34(1), 70-85. doi:10.1111/sjtg.12014. Suwannakij, S. (2015) Too much rubber, too few tires leaves tappers in a sticky place. Bloomberg Markets. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-12-29/too-much-rubber-too-few-tires-leaves-tappers-in-a-sticky-place [26.2.17]. Tangena, J. A., Thammavong, P., Wilson, A. L., Brey, P. T., and Lindsay, S. W. (2016) Risk and control of mosquito-borne diseases in southeast Asian rubber plantations. Trends in Parasitology, 32(5), 402-415. doi:10.1016/j.pt.2016.01.009. Uchida, Y., Nakatsuka, H., Ukai, H., Watanabe, T., Liu, Y. T., Huang, M. Y., and Ikeda, M. (1993) Symptoms and signs in workers exposed predominantly to xylenes. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 64(8), 597-605. World Shipping Council. (2017) About the industry: top 50 world container ports. World Shipping Council. http://www.worldshipping.org/about-the-industry/global-trade/top-50-world-container-ports [28.2.17]. Yujie, Z., Jusheng, J., Zongbo, P., Qunhui, W., and Daiqun, X. (2012) Ecosystem management in the natural rubber industry. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 3(3), 230-235. doi:10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2012.03.005.

Political Transitions in America Essay -- American History, Politics a

As life began in the new world many people that have traveled wanted to live in a new atmosphere. People sought out wealth, fortune, freedom and wanted to express their ideas and beliefs as they could have not in their own countries. The new world gave these settlers an opportunity to start their new lives and way of life. One aspect of their new lives was how they wanted to be ruled and their political ideas. Political transitions have occurred throughout the beginning of the settlement of the new world from the British colonies to the first president with a central government then the secession of the south and Civil War until Richard Nixon and the Watergate Scandal. The English colonies were the starting basis of the new world. Jamestown, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania all had their own ways of governing their people. Jamestown’s first political structure was the House of Burgesses which was the first government and was limited by the governor and Joint Company to decide. Also all free men could vote, but later on this was limited to white land owners. Many of their political problems were mainly expansion because farmers wanted more land and problems with the Native Americans. One notable issue was Bacon’s Rebellion which was a revolt against the royal governor of Jamestown who refused to fight back against the attacking Native Americans. About 300-600 people marched into Jamestown and burned down the city and Bacon also died, furthermore this was one of the beginning issues of western expansion. Another starting settlement was Massachusetts whose government was highly tied to the church. The members of the church congregation ha d full legal rights to making laws in the land. They were Calvinists who believed that God had... ...in D. Roosevelt has been elected as President. During this presidency Roosevelt introduced two major New Deal programs that were aimed at the industrial and agricultural recovery from the great depression. The first was the National Recovery Administration where labor leaders were equally determined and workers had a maximum work hours and minimum wage was created. Then the focus on the new deal changed from recovery to reform. (Divine, #646- Throughout American History the Political transitions that have occurred helped create a strong hope in the people today. The colonies that began in the new world have prospered into this great nation going through many conflicts and problems, from the war for independence to secession and the civil war to the great depression and recovery. These political transitions helped make America be what it is today; A great nation.

Organistional behaviour

Plan Formal & Informal Groups Formal groups are based on defined role relationships – in formal are based on based on personal relationships and agreement Formal Groups are created to achieve specific organisational objectives and are concerned with the co-ordination f work activities – informal groups serve to satisfy the psychological and social needs of group members not related necessarily to the tasks to be undertaken Formal group members have defined roles and the nature of work tasks to be undertaken is a predominant feature of the group – informal groups are based on personal relationships and membership can cut across the formal structure of the organisation Formal groups tend to be relatively permanent, although there may be a change in the membership of the team limitations of group decisions:Groups make better decisions than the average group member, but not as good as the best person working alone; Groups involve everyone -advantageous in certain cir cumstances (changing attitudes) the process is usually slower than for individuals Group working usually produces more workable solutions Social loafing – the tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working as a member of a group than as an individual. (Ringelmann) Teams can be elevated into a ‘silver bullet' – a magic solution to all business problems. .

Research Paper for Meyers Briggs Essay

According to the Myers Briggs Type Indicator, I am classified as an ESFJ—Extraverted, Sensing, Feeling, and Judging. I scored 56% on extravert—being outgoing, loud, non-secretive. I prefer to sense things rather than trusting my intuition by only 12%. I scored highest on the feeling over thinking category with 62% towards feeling. There was only an 11% difference between judging vs. perceiving. â€Å"Guardians of birthdays, holidays and celebrations, ESFJs are generous entertainers. They enjoy and joyfully observe traditions and are liberal in giving, especially where custom prescribes. All else being equal, ESFJs enjoy being in charge. They see problems clearly and delegate easily, work hard and play with zest. ESFJs, as do most SJs, bear strong allegiance to rights of seniority. They willingly provide service (which embodies life’s meaning) and expect the same from others.† (Joe Butt, Extraverted Sensing Feeling Judging). I first heard about the test abo ut a year ago when my sister had to take it for her work, so I had a decent guess of what my results would be, if I ever got the chance to take the test. I pegged myself pretty well. The only thing that really did surprise me though, were the numbers of how strong/weak I was in each field. After finishing the test, I reviewed the article about the most common careers for ESFJs. It states; â€Å"ESFJs often find themselves in occupations that either involve a lot of direct interaction with other people (e.g. clients, other staff members) or involve responsibility for critical tasks (e.g. require thorough attention or may have serious consequences), or both† (Career Choices For Your Life). Ever since I was little I have wanted to study zoology in college. The description of an ESFJ’s career is somewhat accurate to my dream career of being a zoologist. I will not have direct interaction with people as much as I will with animals. One of the responsibilities of a zoologist is to assess the dietary needs of the animals—planning what a tiger eats for dinner is a critical task that could very well have serious and even fatal consequences. The results of my test fueled my drive to master zoology throughout my college career. These types of tests are always very interesting to me, I love learning new things about myself, and how I process information. The combined knowledge of the results of every test—personality, learning style, etc.—will help me to become more successful in life. Also, knowing how I learn and process information helps me understand that other people mightlearn differently than I do. Being able to comprehend my learning and personality styles at such an early age will give me more time to learn ways to teach, understand, and work with others who have a different style than I do. One of the most interesting things I learned by taking this test, was finding out the famous people who were ESFJs too, I had no clue that Martin Luther King and Eleanor Roosevelt were ESFJs! Knowing that these inspirational people understood things the same way that I do enlightens me to know that I too can be as big of an inspiration as they were. Works Cited Butt, Joe. â€Å"Extraverted Sensing Feeling Judging.† 16 October 2009. typelogic.com. Article. 7 August 2013. â€Å"Career Choices For You.† n.d. www.humanmetrics.com. Article. 7 August 2013.

Ashaba-Ahebwa Mark on Civil Law in the Ugandan Jurisdiction Essay

The topographic point and manner of test is normally determined by type of test and proceedings. If you make an application by biddings. so you will be heard in Chambers. Procedure 1 – where suspect elects non to name grounds The Plaintiff or recommend makes an gap address referred to sometimes as an gap statement. After that the complainant informants are called. examined cross examined and re-examined. After that the complainant or his advocator amounts up the instance by doing a shutting address. After that the Defendant states their instance and makes a shutting address. Procedure 2 – Defence elects to name grounds Advocates for the complainant makes an opening statement. the complainant informants are called. examined. cross-examined and re-examined. After that the defendant’s advocate makes an opening statement. After that the defendant’s informants are called. examined. cross examined and rhenium examined. After the Plaintiff or his advocator amounts up the instance by doing the shutting address. Thereafter the suspect sums up the instance and makes a shutting address besides. The Defendant can answer to the plaintiff’s shutting. The answer merely covers new land. In instances where there are many suspects and many complainants the same process will use but if the suspects are represented individually. so the advocates will individually do their entries individually by order of visual aspect. Cross scrutiny of informant will besides follow the order in which they proceed. Co complainants will usually be represented by the same advocate. Who has the right to get down the instance? Order XVII Rule 1 The complainant or the applier has the right to get down. Of class there are certain exclusions to that right to get down. 1. Where the Defendant admits the facts alleged by the complainant but raises an expostulation on a portion of jurisprudence. In such a instance the suspect should be entitled to get down by subjecting on that portion of the jurisprudence. For illustration. say one raises a supplication of Res Judicata? In such a instance one can state that they have sued the suspect by they have raised an expostulation on the portion of the jurisprudence a and in this instance. the Defendant has the right to get down on a supplication of RESs judicata. Or the Defendant raises the supplication of restriction. they have the right to subject on that point of jurisprudence. However it is advisable that one should ever set it in the pleadings whatever supplication they intend to raise. 2. Where the Defendants admits the facts alleged by the complainant but states that the complainant is non entitled to the alleviation that they seek for illustration drawn from Seldon v. Davidson in which instance the complainant brought proceedings for recovery of a debt. In their defense mechanism the suspects admitted that they received the money from the complainant but pleaded that the money was a gift. In this instance the suspect has a right to get down. Suppose there are several issues? May be it could be many different parties and there is a difference as to who should hold the right to get down? The tribunal will direct that the party with the load of turn outing the bulk of issues shall get down. Opening Statement What should it incorporate It is normally a brief lineation of either the defendant’s or the plaintiff’s instance. normally it will province the facts merely. They will be stating the tribunal the informant that they intend to name and will be giving a prevue of what they intend to turn out. Normally this is an debut to the full test and it is of import that it is interesting. logical. credible and in a narrative signifier. Usually it is non necessary for the Judge to enter the gap addresss unless one raises a point of jurisprudence. It is of import that a note should be made in the tribunal record that an gap address was made. an gap address must non incorporate grounds. It should merely be limited to a statement of basic facts that the parties intend to turn out or trust on as defense mechanism. After you make the gap statements. you move on to scrutiny in head. Examination OF WITNESSES Examination in Chief When you call a informant there are 3 phases1. Examination in head2. Cross Examination3. Re scrutiny Examination in Chief The object of scrutiny in head is to arouse facts that are favorable to the instance of the party naming the informant. In other words the test in head is when you question your first informant. Sometimes the plaintiffs themselves. Normally they will be giving grounds that will be favorable to their instance. It is governed by two regulations ( a ) The informant can non be asked prima inquiries – these are inquiries that suggest the reply expected of that individual. For illustration you can non inquire Was your concern running into fiscal troubles last twelvemonth? You should inquire what was the fiscal place of your concern last twelvemonth? The art of cognizing whether a inquiry is taking is learnt with experience. ( B ) The scrutiny must non be conducted in an assaultive mode. Normally at cross scrutiny you can assail but you can non make that to your ain informant. If your informant turns hostile. you can inquire the tribunal to declare the informant a hostile informant a nd one time the tribunal does that. you can so assail the informant. When a informant is declared hostile ( I ) You will be allowed to impeach the creditability of that informant ; ( two ) You can inquire prima inquiries ( three ) You can inquire them inquiries that touch on their truthfulness and even their past character and old strong beliefs. ( four ) You can besides be able to analyze on certain issues by leave of the justice e. g. you can oppugn the hostile informant on statements they made antecedently which is inconsistent with their present testimony. This can assist to demo that the witne3ss is giving conflicting grounds which the tribunal is allowed to decide when they are taking the grounds into history. You must take witness statements. If they give grounds inconsistent with the statement that they signed. you can impeach their credibleness and bring forth the informant statement. CROSS EXAMINATION There are 3 purposes of cross scrutiny 1. To arouse farther facts which are favorable to the cross analyzing party ; 2. To prove and if possible dramatis personae uncertainty on the grounds given by the informant in head ; 3. To impeach the credibleness of the informant. Cross scrutiny – the range is broad one is allowed to inquire prima inquiries. inquiry a informant on old testimony. it is non restricted in any manner. A good Advocate will ne'er bury the virtuousness of courtesy. RE EXAMINATION Once you have examined your informant in head. the other side cross-examines your informant. The re scrutiny is a sort of retrieval procedure. This is when you try to mend the lesions that were opened up in cross scrutiny. Most of import. re-examination is purely restricted to affairs that arose at cross scrutiny. The tribunal besides has powers to inquire a witness inquiries for the intent of clear uping points. SUBMISSION OF NO CASE TO ANSWER The suspect may do a defense mechanism of no instance to reply after the entry by the complainant. The Judge must make up one's mind whether there is any grounds that would warrant seting the suspects on their defense mechanism. Normally if the entry of no instance to reply is non upheld. the instance continues. If the tribunal says that there is no instance to reply. that governing can be challenged on Appeal. Taking DOWN EVIDENCE Normally grounds of informants is taken orally in unfastened tribunal under the way of a Magistrate or Judge. it is usually written down in narrative signifier i. e. non inquiry and reply signifier but where there is particular ground. the grounds may be in inquiry and reply signifier. The regulation is that the tribunal may on its gesture taken down a peculiar inquiry verbatim and the reply verbatim. Where either party objects to a inquiry and the tribunal allows it. so the tribunal should enter the inquiry. the reply and the expostulation and the name of the individual raising the expostulation and if they make a opinion they must besides enter the opinion of the expostulation raised. Tact is required as you may happen that. Sometimes if you object excessively much you can annoy the Judge. Object merely for of import things. In the class of taking grounds. the tribunal may besides enter comments made by informants while under scrutiny and usually after taking down the grounds the justice will subscribe that grounds. The tribunals can besides enter comments and demeanor of a informant. PROSECUTION & A ; ADJOURNMENT OF SUITS Public policy paperss that concern of the tribunal should be conducted efficiently. It is of great importance and in the involvement of justness that action should be brought to test and finalised with minimal hold. Order XVI Rule 1 requires that hearing of instances should be on a twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours footing until all informants have testified. However this is non ever possible and that is why the tribunal may recess a hearing on its ain gesture or upon application by either of the parties where good class is shown. The regulation requires that dissolutions can be granted where good cause is shown Habib V Rajput the complainant instance came up for hearing. the advocators applied for dissolution on the evidences that their client was absent for some unexplained grounds. The respondent opposed stating that his informants were already in tribunal and had come from really far off and it was bing a few thousand shillings to maintain them there per twenty-four hours. Was the plaintiff’s ground good cause to recess. The tribunal ruled that no sufficient cause was shown and the application for dissolution was dismissed. Kamil V. Merali NO STEPS TAKEN – Order XVI Rule 6 Under Rule 6. where no application has been made or stairss taken for 3 old ages by either party. the tribunal may order the suit to be dismissed but normally the application should demo do why the suit should non be dismissed. Any instance which is dismissed under Rule 6 can be instituted afresh topic to regulations of restriction. Victoria Construction Co. V. Dugall The tribunal considered the significance of stairss taken within the significance of Rule 6. the Case was filed in November 1958 and in 1960 the Applicant decided to mention the instance to an arbiter but efforts to decide the difference through arbitration failed. The affair went to kip until 1962 where the registrar asked the parties to demo cause why the suit should non be dismissed. The Plaintiff contended that the stairss to seek arbitration amounted to stairss taken. The inquiry was whether an understanding to mention the affair to arbitration was a measure taken and the tribunal held that that was non a measure taken and the instance was dismissed. In this instance. the tribunal explained 1. That one has to fulfill the tribunal that the suit is ready to continue without hold. 2. One has to fulfill the tribunal that the suspect will endure no adversity ; 3. That there has been none frequent inaction by the Plaintiff. It is advisable at the clip the instance comes up for hearing to inquire that it be stood over by and large ( SOG ) to give you clip to travel to arbitration and if you are non ready. you can ever travel back to tribunal and seek an extension. This manner there is a measure taken. Shutting Address You are stating the tribunal that you have presented your grounds. that you have proved that so and so is apt and you will besides be stating the tribunal that this is the jurisprudence and if applied to the facts of your instance so the jurisprudence should back up your supplications. You will be stating the tribunal of past determinations that support your instance. You will accommodate the facts. the jurisprudence and past determinations that support your instance. You make your instance in the shutting statements.